In David Keirsey’s temperament theory, which expands on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), human personality is distilled into four temperaments: Artisans (SPs), Guardians (SJs), Idealists (NFs), and Rationals (NTs). Among these, Idealists, identified as Intuitive Feelers (NFs), stand out as the dreamers and empathizers. Making up about 15-20% of the population, Idealists are driven by a quest for identity, purpose, and authentic connection. They bring vision, compassion, and a deep sense of the possible to the world. Let’s dive into the essence of the Idealist temperament, their defining traits, and how they fit into Keirsey’s broader system.
The Heart of the Idealist Temperament
Idealists are characterized by their Intuitive (N) and Feeling (F) preferences in the MBTI framework, encompassing four personality types: ENFJ ("Teacher"), INFJ ("Counselor"), ENFP ("Champion"), and INFP ("Healer"). These individuals live in a world of possibilities and emotions, guided by intuition rather than concrete realities and by values rather than logic. Keirsey described them as diplomatic virtuosos, excelling at understanding people, fostering growth, and inspiring change. Unlike the practical Guardians or action-oriented Artisans, Idealists are focused on what could be—on personal and collective potential.
At their core, Idealists value meaning and authenticity. They seek to align their actions with their ideals, often asking, “Who am I?” and “How can I make a difference?” This introspective and empathetic nature makes them the moral compass of society, pushing for a world that reflects their vision of harmony and purpose.
Key Characteristics of Idealists
Idealists are imaginative, passionate, and deeply relational, with a natural ability to connect with others on an emotional level. They see beyond the surface, intuiting hidden motives and future possibilities. Keirsey likened them to catalysts—people who spark transformation in themselves and others. Their MBTI types showcase this diversity:
- ENFJ (Teacher): Charismatic and inspiring, ENFJs guide others toward growth with warmth and insight.
- INFJ (Counselor): Quiet and visionary, INFJs offer profound understanding and a knack for seeing the bigger picture.
- ENFP (Champion): Enthusiastic and creative, ENFPs champion causes and ignite excitement in those around them.
- INFP (Healer): Gentle and introspective, INFPs seek inner peace and strive to heal emotional wounds in others.
What unites these types is their focus on the human experience—emotions, relationships, and ideals—and their preference for flexibility guided by values. Idealists are future-oriented, often dreaming of a better world, and they approach life with a blend of sensitivity and optimism.
Strengths of the Idealist Temperament
The Idealist’s greatest strength is their diplomatic intelligence—the ability to navigate complex human dynamics with empathy and insight. Keirsey emphasized their gift for inspiring others, whether through teaching, counseling, or advocating for change. Need someone to mediate a conflict? An ENFJ will find common ground. Want a vision for a brighter future? An INFJ will paint it with clarity.
Idealists also bring a sense of purpose and hope to the world. Their belief in human potential—both their own and others’—makes them natural motivators. They’re the ones who see the diamond in the rough, encouraging people to become their best selves. Historical figures like Martin Luther King Jr. (likely an ENFJ) and Joan of Arc (possibly an INFJ) embody this blend of vision and conviction.
Their creativity is another asset. Idealists excel at imagining possibilities, whether in art, writing, or social reform. They’re not bound by “what is” but inspired by “what could be,” making them innovators in the realm of ideas and relationships.
Weaknesses and Challenges
However, the Idealist’s strengths can come with pitfalls. Their focus on ideals can make them impractical, overlooking the nuts and bolts of reality. An ENFP might dream up a grand cause but struggle to execute it, while an INFP might retreat into their inner world when faced with harsh facts. This disconnect from the tangible can frustrate those who value results over vision, like Guardians or Artisans.
Idealists are also prone to taking things personally. Their deep empathy means they feel others’ pain acutely, but it can also leave them vulnerable to criticism or rejection. An ENFJ might overextend themselves to please others, while an INFJ might withdraw if their ideals are challenged. This sensitivity, while a strength, can lead to emotional exhaustion.
Their pursuit of perfection is another challenge. Idealists often hold themselves and others to lofty standards, which can breed disappointment when reality falls short. Keirsey noted that they may struggle with indecision, torn between their values and the imperfect choices life offers.
Idealists in Relation to Other Temperaments
Contrasting Idealists with Keirsey’s other temperaments highlights their unique role. Guardians (SJs) share a concern for people but focus on stability over transformation—where a Guardian maintains tradition, an Idealist reimagines it. Artisans (SPs) live in the moment, clashing with the Idealist’s future-oriented dreams, though both can appreciate each other’s passion. Rationals (NTs) seek knowledge and competence, while Idealists prioritize meaning—yet both can align on big-picture goals.
Idealists are society’s visionaries. They complement the Guardian’s order, the Artisan’s spontaneity, and the Rational’s logic by infusing life with purpose and connection. If Rationals design a system, Idealists ensure it serves humanity.
Idealists in Everyday Life
In daily life, Idealists shine in roles that involve people and ideas. They’re the teachers, counselors, writers, and activists who inspire and uplift. They thrive in environments where they can make a difference—think education, nonprofits, or the arts—where their empathy and creativity can flourish.
Socially, Idealists are the glue in relationships. They seek deep, authentic bonds, often acting as confidants or cheerleaders. In love, they crave soulmates who share their values, offering loyalty and emotional depth. They’re not always practical, but their warmth is magnetic.
Conclusion
Idealists, as Intuitive Feelers, are the soul of Keirsey’s temperament framework. They remind us that life is more than survival or efficiency—it’s about meaning, connection, and growth. Their diplomatic finesse and boundless imagination make them essential, even if their idealism can sometimes cloud their view of reality. In a world focused on the immediate or the pragmatic, Idealists offer a counterpoint: the power of dreams, the beauty of empathy, and the courage to pursue a higher purpose. Whether they’re teaching, healing, or championing a cause, Idealists prove that the heart of progress lies in believing in what’s possible.